沪教版英语8AU4笔记

Word & Phrases Bank

1. port /pɔːt/ <n.>港口; (事情的)意义; 端口; (船、飞机等的)左舷 <v.>举枪; 持枪; 左转舵 <adj./adv.>左舷的,左侧

  • The port is busy with ships coming and going.

1.1 harbor /ˈhɑːbə/ <n.>海港; 海湾; 避难所; 躲藏处 <v.>心怀; 庇护; 避入安全地; (船)入港停泊

1.2 dock /dɒk/ <n.>码头; 月台; 被告席; 酸模 <v.>停靠码头; (使)在太空对接; 扣除

1.2.1 in the dock <prep./adj.>受审判或质问

1.3 portable /ˈpɔːtəbl/ <adj.>轻便的

1.4 porter /ˈpɔːtə(r)/ <n.>看门人; 行李员; 列车服务生; 护工; 搬运工

  • The morning porter greeted guests with a warm smile.

2. memory /ˈmeməri/ <n.>记忆力; 回忆; 存储器; 怀念

  • The vivid memory of every meeting detail remains clear in my mind.

2.1 from memory <prep.>凭记忆

2.2 memorial /məˈmɔːriəl/ <n.>纪念碑; 纪念物 <adj.>纪念的

  • memorial service in her honor is being held at St. Paul’s Church.

2.3 memorize /ˈmeməraɪz/ <v.>记住,熟记; <计算机科学> 存储,记忆

  • He memorized the poem after reading it just a few times.

2.4 memorable /ˈmemərəbl/ <adj.>值得纪念的; 显著的,难忘的; 重大的,著名的


3. modern /ˈmɒdn/ <adj.>现代的; 近代的; 现代化的; 新潮的

  • Her viewpoint is remarkably modern.

3.1 remark /rɪˈmɑːk/ <n.>注意,观察; 话语; 评论,谈论 <v.>评论; 觉察

  • “Didn’t you hear my remark about going shopping this afternoon?” she inquired.

3.1.1 remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbl/ <adj.>异常的,引人注目的; 卓越的; 显著的; 非凡的,非常(好)的

3.1.2 remarkably /rɪˈmɑː(r)kəbli/ <adv.>引人注目地,明显地,非常地; 格外;出乎意料地

3.2 modernism /ˈmɒdənɪzəm/ <n.>[宗]现代主义; 现代想法; 现代用法; 现代风尚,现代标准

  • Modernism influenced many aspects of modernist art.

3.3 modernization /ˌmɒdənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ <n.>现代化,现代化的事物

  • Education is crucial for the modernization of a country.

3.4 modernistic /ˌmɒdəˈnɪstɪk/ <adj.>现代派的

3.5 modernize /ˈmɒdənaɪz/ <v.>使现代化,使适应现代需要


4. attic /ˈætɪk/ <n.>阁楼,顶楼

  • We will have to dispose of the mice in the attic.

4.1 dispose /dɪˈspəʊz/ <v.>排列,安排; 使倾向于; 处理

  • She needed a mere 15 minutes to dispose of the evidence.

4.1.1 dispose of <v.>处理; 赠送; 卖掉; 去除; 杀死,破坏

  • The company had to dispose of some assets to reduce debt.

4.1.2 mere /mɪə(r)/ <adj.>仅仅,只不过; 小的,轻微的; 纯粹的 <n.>小湖,池塘; 〈英〉边境(线)

4.1.3 mere chance <n.>纯属偶然

4.1.4 merely /ˈmɪəli/ <adv.>只不过; 仅仅


5. car boot sale <n.>汽车尾箱集市,跳蚤市场,旧货市场


6. feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ <n.>特征; 五官; 特写; 正片,故事片 <v.>以…为特征; 由…主演; 以…为主要内容; 占重要地位

  • One of the main features of the new design is the lack of sharp corners.

6.1 featureless /ˈfi:tʃələs/ <adj.>无特色的,平凡的

  • The landscape is vast and featureless.

6.2 featured /’fi:tʃəd/ <adj.>有…的面貌特征的,作为号召物的; 作为特色的

  • Featured are both his classics and his latest creations.

7. industry /ˈɪndəstri/ <n.>工业; 产业(经济词汇); 工业界; 勤劳

  • British industry struggles due to a lack of funding for scientific studies.

7.1 industrial /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ <adj.>工业的; 产业的; 工业用的; 工业发达的

7.2 industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstrɪəlaɪ’zeɪʃn/ <n.>工业化


8. ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/ <adj.>普通的; 平庸的

  • It contains 25 fewer calories compared to ordinary ice cream.

8.1 in ordinary <prep.>(英)(头衔)常任的(尤指皇家御用的)

8.2 in the ordinary way <adv.>(主英)通常地;正常地,平常地

8.3 out of the ordinary <adv.>不寻常的;特别的


9. drama /ˈdrɑːmə/ <n.>戏剧; 戏剧性事件; 激动

  • The audience couldn’t help being moved by the drama of the performance.

9.1 drama queen <n.>喜欢小题大做的人; 戏剧化的人

9.2 dramatically /drəˈmætɪk(ə)li/ <adv.>戏剧地; 显著地

9.3 dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ <adj.>戏剧(性)的; 突然的; 激动人心的; 给人印象深刻的


10. decade /ˈdekeɪd/ <n.>十年

  • The historical article sketched the major events of the decade.

10.1 sketch /sketʃ/ <n.>草图; 素描; 梗概 <v.>草拟; 速写; 简述

10.2 decadal /’dekædəl/ <adj.>十年的,十年期的


11. major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ <adj.>重要的; 严重的; 大音阶的; 主修的 <n.>少校; 主修课程; 主修…的学生; 大型企业; 大联盟 <v.>主修

11.1 majority /məˈdʒɒrəti/ <n.>多数; 超出其余各方票数总和的票数; 法定成年年龄 <adj.>多数人支持的

  • The majority of individuals seeking my medical expertise journey here from distant urban areas.

12. extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ <adj.>极其的; 极端的; 偏激的; 尽头的 <n.>极端

12.1 extremes meet (谚)两极亦有相逢时(相反的两极端之间有许多共同点),相对的事物通常是可互通的,比如说否极泰来。任何品德、信仰、感情趋于极端就会走向反面

12.2 extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/ <adv.>极端地; 非常,很; 去; 绝

12.3 extremism /ɪkˈstri:mɪzəm/ <n.>极端主义; 极端性; 过激论,极端论


13. wealthy /ˈwelθi/ <adj.>富有的; 富裕的

13.1 wealth /- welθ/ <n.>财富,财产; 大量,丰富

  • Economic development has generated significant wealth for rural farmers.

13.1.1 significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ <adj.>重要的; 显著的; 意味深长的


14. mine /maɪn/ <n.>矿; 矿井; 地雷; 水雷 <v.>开采; 布雷; 以地雷[水雷]炸毁

  • The mine was closed due to safety concerns.

15. result in <v.>导致; 造成


16. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ <adj.>十分严重的; 极为恶劣的; 严厉的; 苛刻的; 艰难的; 简朴的

  • The judge gave the criminal a severe sentence.

16.1 severity /sɪ’verəti/ <n.>严重; 严格; 严谨; 严厉的对待; 严重性


17. punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ <v.>处罚; 判罪; 责怪

  • The teacher punished the student for cheating on the exam.

17.1 punish by fine 处以罚金

  • The driver was punished by a fine for speeding.

17.2 punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ <n.>惩罚; 虐待

  • The school has a strict policy on punishment for cheating.

17.2.1 capital punishment <n.>死刑

17.3 punishable /ˈpʌnɪʃəbl/ <adj.>(人或罪行)该处罚的,可惩罚的

  • Theft is a serious and punishable crime.

18. contrast /ˈkɒntrɑːst , kənˈtrɑːst/ <n.>悬殊; 形成对比 <v.>对比; 显出明显的差异

  • A television with vivid colors, sharp contrast, and digital sound.

18.1 by contrast <adv.>相比之下

18.2 in contrast to <prep.>与…截然不同

  • The results, in contrast to earlier findings, were surprising.

19. tomb /tuːm/ <n.>坟墓; 墓穴; 墓碑; 死亡

  • A few red roses were scattered on the tomb.

19.1 tombstone /ˈtu:mstəʊn/ <n.>墓碑; 墓石; (华尔街的)新上市股票[证券]发行公告

19.1.1 tombstone inscription <n.>墓碑上的铭文,墓志铭


20. augment /ɔːɡˈment/ <v.>增加,提高; 扩大

  • Seeking to augment her household earnings, she started crafting dolls.

20.1 augmentative /ˌɔ:gˈmentətɪv/ <adj.>有扩大(增长、增加、提高)作用的; (指词缀或派生词)增强词义的

20.2 augmentation /ˌɔ:ɡmen’teɪʃn/ <n.>增加(物)

  • The augmentation of trade between the two countries has been remarkable in recent years.

21. carry out <v.>执行; 进行; 完成; 抬出去


22. analyze /’ænəlaɪz/ <v.>分析; 分解; 化验

22.1 analysis /əˈnæləsɪs/ <n.>分析(报告); 精神分析疗法

  • In the initial analysis, it’s a question of individual preference.

22.1.1 in the last analysis <adv.>归根结底,说到底


23. advance /ədˈvɑːns/ <v./n.>(为了进攻、威胁等)前进; (知识、技术等)发展,进步; 预支; 提前; 促进,推动; 提出(理论等); (价格等)上涨 <adj.>先行的; 预先的

  • Technology has advanced education.

23.1 in advance <adv.>提前; 预先

23.2 in advance of <prep.>在…前面; 在…之前


Grammar

1. 主谓倒装结构

1.1 Featured are both his classics and his latest creations.

1.1.1 正常语序

Both his classics and his latest creations are featured. – 主语:Both his classics and his latest creations – 谓语:are featured

1.1.2 倒装结构解析

  • 表语提前(Featured)
    为了强调”被展示”这一状态,将表语 Featured(过去分词作形容词)提到句首。
  • 主谓倒装(are)
    主语较长时,为避免头重脚轻,将系动词 are 提到主语之前,形成倒装。

1.1.3 句子成分拆解

成分内容作用说明
表语(提前)Featured过去分词作形容词,表状态
谓语动词are系动词,与表语构成谓语
主语both his classics and his latest creations并列名词短语作主语
定语his(两次出现)所有格形容词,修饰名词

1.1.4 倒装的目的

  • 强调状态:突出”被展示”这一核心信息。
  • 平衡结构:避免主语过长导致句子头重脚轻(主语含14个单词,谓语仅2个单词)。

🌰 例句 1:地点状语提前

On the hill stands an ancient temple.
(正常语序:An ancient temple stands on the hill.)

  • 倒装触发:地点状语 On the hill 提前
  • 谓语动词:stands(主谓倒装)
  • 主语:an ancient temple(倒装后主语后置)

🌰 例句 2:表语(形容词)提前

More impressive was his dedication to the project.
(正常语序:His dedication to the project was more impressive.)

  • 倒装触发:表语 More impressive 提前
  • 谓语动词:was(系动词倒装)
  • 主语:his dedication to the project

🌰 例句 3:否定词提前

Never have I seen such a breathtaking sunset.
(正常语序:I have never seen such a breathtaking sunset.)

  • 倒装触发:否定副词 Never 句首
  • 谓语动词:have I seen(助动词提前+主语倒装)
  • 功能:强调”从未”的惊讶语气

🌰 例句 4:方向性副词提前

Out rushed the children from the classroom.
(正常语序:The children rushed out from the classroom.)

  • 倒装触发:方位副词 Out 句首
  • 谓语动词:rushed(完全倒装)
  • 效果:增强动作的动态画面感

🌰 例句 5:“Only+状语”提前

Only after the storm did the sky clear.
(正常语序:The sky cleared only after the storm.)

  • 倒装触发Only + 时间状语 句首
  • 谓语动词:did clear(助动词倒装+动词原形)
  • 作用:强调时间条件的唯一性